Exam: 501488RR – An Introduction to Criminal Justice Inquiry
1. Exploratory studies are appropriate when a policy
A. is being enacted.
B. is being regulated.
C. change is being considered.
D. change is being reviewed.
2. One danger of overgeneralization is that it can lead to
A. selective observation.
B. staleness.
C. hyperbole.
D. inconclusion.
3. Logical groupings of attributes are known as
A. constants.
B. aggregates.
C. codes.
D. variables.
4. “The things that we know from direct experience” is the definition of the concept of _______ reality.
A. agreement
B. true
C. experiential
D. cumulative
5. Which of the following is included in a qualitative observation?
A. Opinions
B. Numbers
C. Facts
D. Policy evaluations
6. A specified expectation about empirical reality, derived from propositions, is called a
A. variable.
B. paradigm.
C. concept.
D. hypothesis.
7. Theories describe relationships that might logically be expected among
A. variables.
B. people.
C. attributes.
D. applications.
8. The evolution of social science has brought a greater emphasis on
A. systematic explanations.
B. descriptive evaluations.
C. quantitative measures.
D. qualitative measures.
9. The primary purpose of informed consent in criminal justice research is to ensure that the research subject
A. is made aware of possible risks.
B. is aware of the purpose of the research.
C. acts voluntarily.
D. is aware of the duration of the research.
10. Which of the following is an example of an inductive method of theory construction?
A. Grounded theory
B. Intersubjective agreement
C. Essential theory
D. Hypothesis theory
11. An explanation for a class of situations or events, rather than a single event, is a(n) _______
explanation.
A. nomothetic
B. group
C. idiographic
D. declarative
12. The term epistemology refers to the science of
A. behavior.
B. inquiry.
C. knowing.
D. experience.
13. Which of the following is usually involved in scientific inquiry?
A. Inductive reasoning
B. Both deductive and inductive reasoning
C. Neither deductive nor inductive reasoning
D. Deductive reasoning
14. The process of specifying steps and procedures for measuring variables is known as
A. departmentalization.
B. compartmentalization.
C. institutionalization.
D. operationalization.
15. _______ review boards are good sources of expert advice on how to resolve ethical dilemmas in
research.
A. Legal
B. Ethical
C. Institutional
D. Civilian
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